Which of the following best defines preparedness in public health?

• A. Measures taken after an event occurs that allow for response.
• B. Only vaccination programs.
• C. All measures and policies taken before an event occurs that allow for prevention, mitigation and readiness.
• D. Care delivery after onset.

Answer: (C)

Preparedness in public health means getting ready before a health threat happens by putting plans, policies, and systems in place that prevent harm, reduce impact, and ensure a quick, effective response when needed. It encompasses proactive steps like risk assessment, surveillance, coordination, training, stockpiling supplies, and practicing through drills so communities can prevent events when possible, mitigate their effects, and act with readiness if they do occur. Actions taken after an event is underway are about response, not preparedness; focusing on vaccination alone is too narrow, and care after onset is a post-event activity, not pre-event preparedness.