Public health interventions include which of the following?

• A. Diagnostic X-rays
• B. Drug prescriptions
• C. Surgery
• D. All of these

Answer: (D)

Public health interventions are actions taken to protect and improve the health of populations, and they can include prevention, detection, treatment, and rehabilitation delivered through organized health services. Diagnostic X-rays can be used in screening programs or diagnostic workups that identify disease early and guide population-wide health decisions. Drug prescriptions are central when used in public health contexts such as outbreak control, vaccination campaigns, chronic disease management, or preventive pharmacotherapy, all of which influence health outcomes at a population level. Surgical care, provided through public hospitals or health systems, addresses injuries and disabling conditions, supports rehabilitation, and helps prevent long-term disability within a community. Because each of these tools can play a role within organized public health efforts, all of the listed items can be considered public health interventions.